Paneas, Banias (Caesarea Philippi)

The ancient city was mentioned in the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, under the name of Caesarea Philippi, as the place where Jesus confirmed Peter’s confession that Jesus was the Messiah; the site is today a place of pilgrimage for Christians.
The first mention of the ancient city during the Hellenistic period was in the context of the Battle of Panium, fought around 200–198 BCE, when the name of the region was given as the Panion. Later, Pliny called the city Paneas .Both names were derived from that of Pan, the god of the wild and companion of the nymphs. The spring initially originated in a large cave carved out of a sheer cliff face which was gradually lined with a series of shrines. The temenos, sacred precinct included in its final phase a temple placed at the mouth of the cave, courtyards for rituals, and niches for statues. It was constructed on an elevated, 80m long natural terrace along the cliff which towered over the north of the city. A four-line inscription at the base of one of the niches relates to Pan and Echo, the mountain nymph, and was dated to 87 CE.